Born in Tchaikovsky, Perm Krai, in the Ural region of Russia, Roman Filipov started to play the violin at the age of 6. In 2007 he finished his tuition at the Children's music school №1 in Perm, studying with T. Shevtsova, and moved to Moscow, where he graduated from the Tchaikovsky Academic Music College at the Moscow State Conservatory in 2011, studying under T. Balashova. In 2016 Roman graduated from Moscow State Tchaikovsky Conservatory, class of People's Artist of Russia, professor Alexander Vinnitsky, later continuing his studies and collaboration with prof. Vinnitsky during a two-year assistantship course, completing his degree in 2018.

His musicianship and charisma won him a number of awards at international competitions, such as the Leopold Auer Competition in St. Petersburg (2016, 1st prize), «Andrea Postacchini» International Violin Competition in Fermo (2012, 2nd prize), Nikolay Lysenko International music competition in Kyiv (2012, 2nd prize, 1st prize not awarded), the «21-st Century Art» competition in Klaipeda (2010, Grand Prix) and many others.

Roman performed as a soloist with the Russian National Orchestra, the Tchaikovsky State Symphony Orchestra of Russia, the State symphony orchestra «Novaya Rossiya», the Moscow State Symphony Orchestra and other notable Russian symphonic groups.

In 2015 he began to work at the State Academic Bolshoi Theater of Russia. In 2017 he became associate concertmaster in the same orchestra, later becoming principal concertmaster of the Moscow State Symphony Orchestra under Pavel Kogan, which he was leading from 2017 to 2021. In 2021 he took over the violin section of the Stanislavsky and Nemirovich-Danchenko Moscow Academic Music Theater Symphony Orchestra.

A keen and experienced ensemble musician, since 2016 Roman Filipov has been the principal violinist of the Berlinsky string quartet — one of Russia's most outstanding and ambitious string ensembles of the younger generation, winning 1st prize at the 4th International Nikolay Rubinstein Competition for Chamber Music in Moscow (2021) and collaborating with a constellation of Russian and international musical celebrities — from luminaries such as the legendary pianist Eliso Virsaladze to up-and-coming stars like the conductor and clarinetist Valentin Uryupin.

Roman Filipov is currently with the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande as associate concertmaster, since January 2023.